operators in C
And now we will discuss about operators in C.
An operator is a symbol which specify the kind of operation we want to do on the value.
Generally We classify operators in 3 catagories
1 Unary operator
2 Binary operator
3 Ternary operator or conditional operator
Unary operator
Unary operators are used only single operands
For example (), [] , {}, & etc.
Binary operator
Binary operator need two operands For example addition ,subtraction, multiplication etc.
Ternary operator
This operator need three operands to work one is condition and two are expression. We will deeply study while we make some programs on it.
Concept Of True ( 1 ) and False ( 0 ) Values
- Any non 0 value is a True ( 1 ) value ( 1, 4, 5, -5, -6 )
- Any non empty array or string are also True ( 1 ) value ( [ 1, 2, 3 ], “Test” )
- Any empty array or string are also False ( 0 ) value ( [], “” )
0is considered as a False ( 0 ) Value
Here are type of operators
Arithmetic operators
Arithmetic operators are you to perform any mathematical operation
Like
+ adding
- subtracting
* multiply
/ divide
% finding remainder.{10%3=1(remainder)}
there all are arithmetic operator type of binary operator.
Assignment operator
List of the same:
=, +=, -=, *=, /=, %=, &=, |=, ^=, <<=, >>=
Example:
A = 5
B = A
A += 1 // A = A + 1
Relational operators
From it’s come in the name of operator this operator show any relation between two operands.
< less then
> greater then
== equal to
<= less than equal to
>= greater than equal to
!= no equal to
They are also binary operator
Logical operator
We have three kind of logical operator in C.
&& and operator
A | B | A&&B |
----+-------+--------+
0 | 0 | 0 |
0 | 1 | 0 |
1 | 0 | 0 |
1 | 1 | 1 |
|| or operator
A | B | A||B |
----+-------+--------+
0 | 0 | 0 |
0 | 1 | 1 |
1 | 0 | 1 |
1 | 1 | 1 |
! not operater
Increment / Decrement
-- and ++
This operator can be used in 2 way:
Prefix
++var_name
--var_name
Postfix
var_name++
var_name--
Examples:
int var1 = 6, var2 = 5, var3;
var3 = var1+++var2; // or var1++ + var2;
printf("New Value: %d\n", var3);
// var3 = var1++++var2; // Error
var3 = var1++ + +var2;
printf("New Value: %d\n", var3);
var3 = var1++ + ++var2;
printf("New Value: %d\n", var3);
// var3 = var1+++++var2; Error
var3 = var1++*++var2;
printf("New Value: %d\n", var3);
BIT wise Operator:
In C Language we have 6 bit-wise operators. These operators perform operations on the bit not on byte.
& : BIT wise AND
A table to understand the same:
A | B | A&B |
----+-------+-------+
0 | 0 | 0 |
0 | 1 | 0 |
1 | 0 | 0 |
1 | 1 | 1 |
Example:
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
int A = 0, B = 0, C;
printf("A : %d B: %d\n", A, B);
C = A & B;
printf("Output of A&B : %d.\n", C);
A = 12; B = 0;
C = A & B;
printf("A : %d B: %d\n", A, B);
printf("Output of A&B : %d.\n", C);
A = 0; B = 34;
C = A & B;
printf("A : %d B: %d\n", A, B);
printf("Output of A&B : %d.\n", C);
A = 5; B = 9;
C = A & B;
printf("A : %d B: %d\n", A, B);
printf("Output of A&B : %d.\n", C);
}
Output:
[vipikuma@kvy c_classes]$ gcc operator.c ; ./a.out
A : 0 B: 0
Output of A&B : 0.
A : 12 B: 0
Output of A&B : 0.
A : 0 B: 34
Output of A&B : 0.
A : 5 B: 9
Output of A&B : 1.
| : BIT wise OR
A table to understand the same:
A | B | A|B |
----+-------+-------+
0 | 0 | 0 |
0 | 1 | 1 |
1 | 0 | 1 |
1 | 1 | 1 |
Example:
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
int A = 0, B = 0, C;
printf("A : %d B: %d\n", A, B);
C = A | B;
printf("Output of A|B : %d.\n", C);
A = 12; B = 0;
C = A | B;
printf("A : %d B: %d\n", A, B);
printf("Output of A|B : %d.\n", C);
A = 0; B = 34;
C = A | B;
printf("A : %d B: %d\n", A, B);
printf("Output of A|B : %d.\n", C);
A = 5; B = 9;
C = A | B;
printf("A : %d B: %d\n", A, B);
printf("Output of A|B : %d.\n", C);
}
Output:
[vipikuma@kvy c_classes]$ gcc operator.c ; ./a.out
A : 0 B: 0
Output of A|B : 0.
A : 12 B: 0
Output of A|B : 12.
A : 0 B: 34
Output of A|B : 34.
A : 5 B: 9
Output of A|B : 13.
^ : BIT wise XOR
A table to understand the same:
A | B | A^B |
----+-------+-------+
0 | 0 | 0 |
0 | 1 | 1 |
1 | 0 | 1 |
1 | 1 | 0 |
Example:
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
int A = 0, B = 0, C;
printf("A : %d B: %d\n", A, B);
C = A ^ B;
printf("Output of A^B : %d.\n", C);
A = 12; B = 0;
C = A ^ B;
printf("A : %d B: %d\n", A, B);
printf("Output of A^B : %d.\n", C);
A = 0; B = 34;
C = A ^ B;
printf("A : %d B: %d\n", A, B);
printf("Output of A^B : %d.\n", C);
A = 5; B = 9;
C = A ^ B;
printf("A : %d B: %d\n", A, B);
printf("Output of A^B : %d.\n", C);
}
Output:
[vipikuma@kvy c_classes]$ gcc operator.c ; ./a.out
A : 0 B: 0
Output of A^B : 0.
A : 12 B: 0
Output of A^B : 12.
A : 0 B: 34
Output of A^B : 34.
A : 5 B: 9
Output of A^B : 12.
~ : BIT wise ONE’s Complement ( Reverse the binary )
A table to understand the same:
A | ~A |
----+-------+
0 | 0 |
1 | 1 |
Example:
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
int A = 4, B;
printf("A : %d\n", A);
// 4 binary is 0000000000000100
B = ~ A;
// Now B will be 1111111111111011 which is -5
printf("Output of ~ A : %d.\n", B);
}
Website used to check binary conversion: https://www.rapidtables.com/convert/number/binary-to-decimal.html?x=0000000000000100
Output:
[vipikuma@kvy c_classes]$ gcc operator.c ; ./a.out
A : 4
Output of ~ A : -5.
<< : BIT wise Left Shift
This operator will left shift the entire binary value and fill it with 0. Example:
A = 5 // 0000000000000101
A<<4 // 0000000001010000
>> : BIT wise Right Shift
This operator will right shift the entire binary value and fill it with 0. Example:
A = 5 // 0000000000000101
A>>2 // 0000000000000001
Sizeof() operator
This operator tell us the size of a data type. We will discuss it later while we may program on operator.
sizeof(var_name)
, Operator It is used to separate expressions
Example:
int A, B, C;
Type Casting Operators
When a type of data is converted to another type then this process is known as type casting. It may be of two type.
Implicit conversion
These are the type of conversion auto performed.
Example:
float r;
int s = 9;
r = s;
printf("%f\n", r);
Output:
[vipikuma@kvy c_classes]$ gcc operator.c ; ./a.out
9.000000
Explicit conversion
These are the type of conversion which developers do manually by using the operator.
Example:
int A = 12;
float R;
char C = 'T';
R = (float)A;
printf("%f\n", R);
Output:
[vipikuma@kvy c_classes]$ gcc operator.c ; ./a.out
12.000000